Efficiency of Four Extraction Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of Oxyfluorfen to Earthworms in Soil Amended with Fresh and Aged Biochar

Due to its high persistence in soil, oxyfluorfen has negative effects on environmental and human health. To reduce soil contamination impacts non-target organisms, biochar is introduced into soils immobilize sequestrate as a remediation practice. Three types of common China were selected (rice hull, BCR) was added investigate the desorption bioavailability after aging BCR for 0, 1, 3, 6 months. Four chemical extraction methods used predict bioavailability. Results indicated that addition 0.5–2% unaged BCR, values increased from 64–119 176–920 (μg/g)/(mg/L)n three compared with unamended soil. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) earthworms decreased 0.80–1.7 0.10–1.56 addition. However, 170–868 144–701 aging. also treatments, while BCF still lower than BCR. reduced exposure risk amendment biochar, even by Tenax showed linear correlation uptake earthworms, 6-month treatment (R2 > 0.80). Consequently, could be practical method remediate contaminated 6h sensitive feasible tool assess